How To Upgrade Magento 2 to The Latest Version - Command-line Upgrade

You can upgrade Magento from the command line if you installed the software using any of the following:

• Downloaded the metapackage using composer create-project
• Installed the compressed archive

Prerequisite: pub directory root

This section applies to you only if you set the Magento root directory to /pub. If you did not do this, skip this section and continue with the next section.

If you use pub as your Magento root directory:

• For the upgrade, create another subdomain or docroot that uses the Magento installation directory as its root.

Run the System Upgrade utility using that subdomain.

• Use the following procedure to upgrade Magento using the command line.

Put your store in maintenance mode

To prevent access to your store while it’s being upgraded, put your store in maintenance mode.

To enable maintenance mode:

1. Log in to your Magento server as, or switch to, the Magento file system owner.
2. Enter the following command:
php /bin/magento maintenance:enable

For additional options, see Enable or disable maintenance mode.

Upgrade using the command line

To upgrade using the command line:

1. Log in to your Magento server as, or switch to, the Magento file system owner.
2. Change to the directory in which you installed the Magento software.

For example, cd /var/www/html/magento2

3. Enter the following commands in the order shown:

composer require --no-update

composer update

rm -rf var/di var/generation

php bin/magento cache:clean

php bin/magento setup:upgrade

php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy

php bin/magento setup:static-content:deploy -f (for Magento 2.2.x)

php bin/magento cache:flush

php bin/magento setup:di:compile

php bin/magento indexer:reindex

For example, to upgrade to Magento CE version 2.0.13, enter:

composer require magento/product-community-edition 2.0.13 --no-update

composer update

To upgrade to Magento EE version 2.0.13, enter:

composer require magento/product-enterprise-edition 2.0.13 --no-update

composer update

If an error displays about a missing .gitignore files, see the Technical Bulletin (1/28/16).

4. If prompted, enter your authentication keys.
5. Manually clear var subdirectories:

rm -rf /var/cache/*

rm -rf /var/page_cache/*

rm -rf /var/generation/*

If you use a cache storage other than filesystem (e.g., Redis, Memcached, etc.) you need to manually clear the cache there too.

6. Update the database schema and data:
php bin/magento setup:upgrade
7. Put your storefront online (that is, cancel maintenance mode):
php bin/magento maintenance:disable
8. Restart Varnish if you use it for page caching.
service varnish restart
9. Access your storefront.

The following error might display:

We're sorry, an error has occurred while generating this email.

If so, perform the following tasks:

1. Reset file system ownership and permissions as a user with root privileges.
2. Clear the following directories and try again:

/var/cache

/var/page_cache

/var/generation